ஆங்கிலப் பக்கங்கள்
Posted Date : 12:12 (17/12/2013)Last updated : 17:12 (17/12/2013)
- பொன்னுசாமி சுரேஷ்
அலைபேசிகளிலும் இணையத்திலும் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் சுருக்கச் செய்திகள் (Messaging it short) , மனிதர்களின் இயல்புகள் (Who you are?), ஆங்கிலம் குறித்த சுவையான தகவல்கள் (Interesting facts in English), ஒற்றுமையில் வேற்றுமை (Similar yet different) விலங்குகளின் ஒலிகள் (Sound of animals) , பேச்சு மொழி ஆங்கிலத்தின் உயர் வடிவம் (Speking English of hign order), ஒலி அழுத்தம் உணர்ந்து பேசுதல்(Speaking intelligible English) வரவேற்புரை மற்றும் நன்றியுரை ஆகியவற்றின் மாதிரி வடிவங்கள் (Formets for welcome address and vote of thanks) ஆகியவை இப்பகுதியில் தரப்பட்டுள்ளன.
Mess(ag)ing it Short
In this fast world where men keep on running towards God-knows-what, it is kind of alluring to learn some email short forms in order to mail or text someone while on the run. Here is the list of common abbreviations.
1 - Used to replace ‘one’
2 - Used to replace ‘to or too’
4 - Used to replace ‘for’ and
‘fore’ in other words
8- used to replace ‘-ate’ or ‘-eat’
ASAP – ‘As soon as possible’
B – ‘be’
Bcc -“Blind carbon copy’, used in email for saying that a copy of the email is being sent to the person mentioned, out the person you are sending the email to is not being told this
BTW – ‘By the way’: used in emails for adding additional information
Cc - ‘Carbon copy’, a reference to old-fashioned carbon paper used to make copies of a letter while writing them on a typewriter. Used in email for saying that a copy is being sent to the person mentioned
CU – See you
CUL – See you later
FWIW – ‘For what it’s worth’: used in emails for saying that someone may or may not be interested in what you have to say
FYI – ‘For your information’: used in emails as a way of introducing a useful piece of information
GR8 – ‘great’
HMU – ‘Hit Me Up’: used in email to say “contact me”, “text me”, “phone me” or otherwise “reach me to follow up on this”. It is a modern shorthand way to invite a person to communicate with you further.
HAND – Have a nice day
HTH –‘Hope that helps’ : used in email when you have told someone something or done something for them.
IDK – I don’t know
IMHO –‘In my humble opinion’: used, often humorously, in emails for giving your opinion
K- OK
L8R-later
LOL – ‘laughing out loud’: used in emails for showing that you think something is funny
LOL –lots of love
MYOB – Mind your own
business
OTOH – On the other hands
OMG – Oh my God
Pls – Please
Prolly – probably
R – Asre
ROFL- Roll(ing) on the floor laughing’: used in emails to say that you find something very funny
SRY- Sorry
SWALK - Sealed with a loving kiss’: used at the end of an email containing a romantic message.
THNQ – Thank you
thx – Thanks
WRT – With regard to: used in emails before the subject that you are going to mention.
Who you are?
If you have the habit of practicing self denial then you are an Ascetic. You are a person with incredible self-discipline and have got the ability to deprive yourself. Sometimes to save money you never go out, eat anything but soup and never try to have fun.
If you think public officials are nothing but a bunch of greedy buffoons, you have a Cynical attitude about politics. You used to have a bleak outlook about others, always imagining that people are ruled by their worst instincts. You never believe that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons. But believe do things only for their own advantage.
If you are someone who tends to lie and to trick other people then the word Devious suites to you better. You will become rich by deceiving people by your cunning and dishonest means.
If you are a person of arrogant attitudes based on unproved theories and assert that the moon is made of green cheese, you’ll just get laughed at, and then you can consider yourself Dogmatic. You always claim stubbornly that something (often a system of beliefs) is beyond dispute.
If you show great learning interest then you must be called Erudite. You could bring someone out of a raw state, you educate them, so someone who is erudite is very educated indeed (and perhaps a bit of a showoff).
If you are a friendly person who enjoys talking to and being with other people then you are the one none other than Extrovert. You often love parties, talking on the phone and meeting new people.
The joke is always on you if you are Gullible person because you are easily fooled by others. You are always willing to believe anything or anyone and easily get deceived. You must have been the prey always for the old tricks.
If you try to wrap up things in yourself you can be called as Introvert. You are extremely shy and would rather examine your feelings in your diary than have a conversation. You are a person who is turned inward mentally and show less than average interest in the outside world.
If you hate or mistrust people you are the perfect example for Misanthrope. You always make a statement or do something that is particularly hostile or untrusting. You are cynical, embittered and suspicious, you hate everyone.
If you’re someone who believes women belong in the kitchen and shouldn’t be accorded the same respect as men, you might be a Misogynist. Basically you are a person who hates or doesn’t trust women.
If you are a person of realistic approach and real-world application of ideas than with abstract notions then you can consider yourself Pragmatic. You will be down to earth and act based on experience rather than theory. You always deal with things as they are rather than as they might be or should be.
If you show less emotion on the outside but may be jumping up and down in the inside then you can consider yourself Phlegmatic. You are always little dull in expressing feelings or showing emotion.
If you are person of a kind who gives money or gifts to charities, or helps needy people in other ways then you are being called as Philanthropist. You will be actively doing things to help, usually by giving time or money.
If you are greedy, especially for money you can be considered as Rapacious. If you are a landlord you will always look out for more rent and you will only be satisfied at the all-you-can-eat buffet.
If you fight and then make up with your partner often shows that you two have a Volatile relationship. You will lose your temper suddenly and violently. You will quickly change from one mood or interest to another.
Interesting Facts in English
1. The word ‘alphabet’ comes from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet: alpha, bēta.
2. The longest word with all the letters in alphabetical order is ‘almost’.
3. The word ‘uncopyrightable’ is the longest English word in normal use that contains no letter more than once.
4. A sentence that contains all 26 letters of the alphabet is called a ‘pangram’. The following sentence contains all 26 letters of the alphabet: “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.” This sentence is often used to test typewriters or keyboards.
5. A word formed by joining together parts of existing words is called a ‘blend’. Many new words enter the English language in this way. Examples are ‘brunch’ (breakfast + lunch); ‘motel’ (motorcar + hotel); and ‘guesstimate’ (guess + estimate).
6. The word ‘Bookkeeper’ and ‘bookkeeping’ are the only 2 words in the English language with three consecutive double letters.
7. ‘Deeded’ is the only word that is made using only two different letters, each used three times.
8. The longest word in the English language, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is ‘sspneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis’
9. The word ‘Checkmate’ in chess comes from the Persian phrase “Shah Mat” meaning “the king is helpless”.
10. The longest English word without a true vowel (a, e, i, o or u) is ‘rhythm’.
11. The shortest word containing all five main vowels is ‘eunoia’, meaning ‘beautiful thinking’ or a state of normal mental health.
12. ‘Queueing’ is the only word with five consecutive vowels.
13. There are only 4 English words in common use ending in ‘-dous’: hazardous, horrendous, stupendous, and tremendous.
14. The only two words that end ‘-gry’ are ‘hungry’ and ‘angry’.
15. Dreamt is the only English word that ends with ‘mt’.
16. All male terms are shorter than the female terms except for ‘widower’ (widow).
17. The only word which begins and ends with ‘und’is ‘Under ground’.
18. The oldest word in English that is currently in use is ‘town’.
19. ‘Four’ is the only word which has number of alphabets equal to its numerical value.
20. ‘One thousand” has the alphabet ‘A’. However, none of the numbers from one to nine hundred ninety-nine has an ‘a’.
21. The dot above ‘i’ and ‘j’ is known as a Tittle or a superscript dot
22. We can find 10 words in the 7-letter word ‘therein’ without rearranging any of its letters: the, there, he, in, rein, her, here, ere, therein, herein.
23. Palindromes are words that spell the same even after reversing the word. Examples: ‘Malayalam’ and ‘Madam.’
24. The word ‘swims’ when turned upside down will still look like same i.e.’swims’.
25. The sentence ‘Are you as bored as I am ‘ can be read backwards and would still make sense!
26. The “QWERTY keyboard” gains its name from the fact that its first 6 letter keys are Q, W, E, R, T and Y. On early typewriters the keys were arranged in such a way as to minimize the clashing of the mechanical rods that carried the letters.
27. The kangaroo carries its young in a pouch unlike other animals. Likewise, a kangaroo word carries its young in itself. Kangaroo word is a playful term for a word that carries within it a synonym of itself-such as regulate (rule), indolent (idle), and encourage (urge).
28. Pyramid words are words 4 letters long that extend to words of 7 or 8 letters long. For example the word SWATHERS: SWATHER is correct, SWATHE is correct, SWATH is correct and SWAT is correct.
29. Test your friends, by asking them to say ‘the sixth sick sheik’s sixth sheep’s sick’. It is known to be the toughest tongue –twister in English language.
30. The word which has more number of meanings in English dictionary is ‘set’.
Similar yet different
There are certain look-alike and sound-alike words in English that are being often interchanged. The differences in the meaning posed by those words are often overlooked inadvertently. Here is an attempt to decipher some of the commonly mistaken words.
Compliment and Complement
Compliment is a ‘remark of praise.’ Complement is ‘something that completes.’ Note that free refreshments are complimentary; the word refers to the phrase ‘with our compliments.’
Deserts and Desserts
Most English speakers understand that deserts, with the accent on the first syllable, are a dry, arid lands, while desserts, with the accent on the second syllable, are a sweet things to eat after a meal. What is often confused is that when one gets what one is deserves, good or bad, one is getting one’s ‘just deserts’ accent on the second syllable but spelled like the dry, arid lands.
Discrete and Discreet
Discrete means ‘discontinuous’ or ‘individually distinct.’ Discreet means ‘judicious.’ The words are understandably often confused, but they should remain distinct.
Incredulous and Incredible
Incredulous means ‘unbelieving’ or ‘skeptical.’ Incredible means ‘unbelievable’ or ‘hard to believe.’ If something incredible happens, you may be incredulous.
Insulate and Insolate
Insulate means ‘to cause to be in a detached or isolated position’ or ‘to prevent passage of heat, electricity, or sound into or out of.’ Insolate means ‘to expose to the sun’s rays.’
Lightening and Lightning
Lightening refers to something illuminating or brightening. Lightning is what is accompanied by thunder during storms.
Loath and Loathe
Loath is an adjective, meaning ‘disinclined’ or ‘reluctant.’ Loathe is a verb, meaning ‘feel hatred or disgust for.’ Confusion often arises about not only what they mean but how they are pronounced. Loath has a soft th sound, while loathe has a hard th sound.
Mucous and Mucus
Mucous is an adjective, as in, ‘a mucous gland.’ Mucus is a noun, as in, ‘There is mucus emanating from my mucous glands.’
Stationary and Stationery
Stationary is an adjective that means ‘not moving.’ Stationery is a noun that means ‘writing paper and envelopes.’
Turbid and Turgid
Turbid means ‘unclear, obscure, confused, disordered’ and, when referring to liquids, “muddy, thick, unclear.’ Turgid means ‘enlarged, swollen’ and, when referring to language, ‘pompous, overblown grandiloquent.’ Because the two words are relatively uncommon, one is often confused for the other. Turbid comes from the Latin word turbidus, meaning disordered,’ from turba, which means turmoil, possibly from the Greek word turbe. Turgid comes from the Latin word turgidus, from turgere, which means, ‘to be swollen.’
Sounds of Animals
While humans are the only species that speak, laugh and cry, the rest of the species of the animal kingdom make an umpteen range of sounds that humans find it difficult to comprehend. Here are some words to describe common animal sounds.
Apes – gibber
Bats – screech
Bears – growl
Bees – hum and buzz
Birds – chirrup, chirp, twitter, sing and whistle
Calves – bleat
Camels – grunt
Cats – mew
Cattle - bellow
Chicks - cheep
Chickens – cluck
Cocks – crow
Cows – moo
Crickets – creak
Crows – caw
Deer – bell
Dogs – bark
Dolphins – click
Donkeys – bray
Doves – coo
Ducks – quack
Eagles – scream
Elephants – rumpet
Falcons - chants
Flies – hum
Foxes – yelp
Frogs – croak
Giraffes – bleat
Goats - bleat
Geese – cackle, quack
Grasshoppers – chirp
Hamsters – squeak
Hens – cluck
Hogs – grunt
Horses – neigh
Hyenas – laugh
Jackals - howl
Kangaroos – chortle
Koalas – wail
Lambs – bleat
Larks – sing or warble
Monkeys – gibber
Mosquitoes – whine
Nightingales – pipe, sing, warble
Ostriches – bark
Owls – hoot
Parrots – talk
Pigs – grunt, snort, oink, squeal
Rabbits – drum, squeak
Peacock – scream
Rhinoceros – bellow
Seals – bark
Snakes – hiss
Tigers – roar
Vultures – scream
Whales – sing
Wolves – howl, yell
Zebras – whinny
Speaking English of High Order
Speaking English fluently and in an appropriate manner can be a challenging task for non - native English speakers. However with persistent learning and observation, effortless speaking of this language can be made one’s own cup of tea. Here are some useful tips for achieving effective English speaking.
1. Listen! Listen! Listen!
Students sometimes say: ‘I don’t listen to English news on television because it’s too fast for me and I can’t understand it.’ That’s a pity! When it’s too fast for you, when you can’t understand it, that is exactly when you NEED to listen to it!!!
How can you improve if you don’t listen and practise?
When you were a baby, did you understand your own language? When you were 3 weeks old, or 2 months, or 1 year, did you understand everything? Of course not! But you ‘learned’ to understand by ‘listening’. Think about it. You learned to understand your own language by
listening, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. After that, you learned to speak. Then you learned to read. And then you learned to write. ‘But listening came first!’
2. Don’t Listen!
In the last secret I said LISTEN! LISTEN! LISTEN! Now I say DON’T LISTEN! What do I mean?
Do you know the difference between the verbs TO LISTEN and TO HEAR? TO LISTEN is active. TO HEAR is passive. Sometimes you can LISTEN too hard. Sometimes you can TRY too hard. Sometimes it is better only to HEAR. Let the television play. Let the cassette play. But DON’T listen. Just HEAR. Your subconscious will listen for you. And you will still learn. If you listen and try to understand, you may block on one word and get frustrated. Don’t worry! Just HEAR! Believe me, you will still be learning. The important thing is to let the radio or cassette or television or record PLAY. Let it play. And you - you do nothing. Your brain will HEAR, your subconscious will LISTEN and you will LEARN!
3. Improve Your Vocabulary With 5 Words A Day
Vocabulary is easy! How many days in a year are there?
365, normally (on Earth).
If you learn only 5 new words a day, you will learn 5 x 365 = 1,825 new words in a year. one thousand, eight hundred and twenty-five words. That is a lot of new words. And we are not counting all the other words you will learn in other ways - reading, conversation etc. Buy a notebook and write in 5 new words EACH day, EVERY day. Learn them! You will soon have an excellent vocabulary.
4. Thirty Minutes A Day Better Than 3.5 Hours a Week
In fact, 30 minutes of English study once a day is better than 5 ‘hours’ once a week! Study regularly. Study often. LITTLE + OFTEN is better than LOT + SOMETIMES.
It’s easier, too. You can easily find 30 minutes each day. How? You can get up 30 minutes earlier. Or have a shorter lunch break. Fix a particular time every day - and keep it!
5. Revise! Revise! Revise!
If you revise, you’ll improve your learning by 100%. What does “to revise” mean? It means “to read again”. You should be systematic about this. When you learn something, you should note it. Then you should ‘look at it again’, 3 times:
- after 1 day
- after 1 week
- after 1 month
Each time you revise, test yourself.
Speaking intelligible English
Word Stress is by far the most important but least understood concept for speaking and understanding English. Word Stress is indeed too important. You can try to learn about Word Stress. This is one of the most effective ways for you to understand spoken English especially when it is being spoken rather fast.
What is Word Stress?
Take 3 words: photograph, photographer and photographic, for example. Do they sound the same when spoken? No! They sound different, because *one* syllable in each word is “stressed” (stronger than the others).
PHOtograph
phoTOgrapher
photoGRAPHic
The syllables that are not stressed are ‘weak’ or ‘small’ or ‘quiet’. Native speakers of English listen
for the stressed syllables, not the weak syllables. If you use Word Stress in your speech, you will instantly and automatically improve your pronunciation and your comprehension.
Here is a list of some of the common words that differ in meaning when you apply the concept of “Word stress”. Despite being spelled in a similar fashion, they carry different meanings based on the stress on their syllables.
affect - (ah-FECT) to change; (AF-fect) feeling or emotion
alternate - (ALT-er-nit) another choice; (ALT-er-NAIT) switch back and forth.
attribute - (at-TRIB-ute) to ascribe; (AT-trib-ute) characteristic
bow - (rhymes with ‘how’) to incline the head in greeting; also, front of a ship; (rhymes with ‘tow’) weapon that shoots arrows
buffet - (BUF-fet) to hit; (buf-FAY, boof-FAY) a meal at which guests serve themselves from dishes on display.
conduct - (CON-duct) behavior; (con-DUCT) to direct or manage
content - (CON-tent) substantive part; (con-TENT) satisfied.
contest - (CON-test) competition; (con-TEST) to dispute
contract - (CON-tract) agreement; (con-TRACT) to shrink or to agree on a project
converse - (CON-verse) opposite; (con-VERSE) to talk
desert - (DES-ert) arid region; (de-SERT) to leave; also’ something deserved
digest - (DIE-jest) collection of published material; (die-JEST) absorb nutrients
entrance - (EN-trance) entry way; (en-TRANCE) to captivate
incense - (IN-cense) substance that produces a pleasant aroma when burned; (in-CENSE) to anger
invalid - (IN-val-id) someone who is sick or disabled; (in-VAL-id) not valid
lead - (LEED) to guide; (LED) a metallic element
minute - (MIN-it) sixty seconds; (my-NOOT) tiny
moderate - (MOD-er-it) not excessive or extreme; (mod-er-ATE) to preside over .
object - (OB-ject) thing; (ob-JECT) to protest
permit - (PER-mit) document giving permission; (per-MIT) to allow
present - (PREZ-ent) gift; (pre-ZENT) to introduce
primer - (PRIHM-er) elementary book; (PRY-mer) undercoat of paint
recreation - (REC-ree-A-shun) entertaining or relaxing pastime; (REE-cree-A-shun) something that is remade, recreated
relay - (REE-lay) a race in which members of a team take turns racing; (ree-LAY) to lay again; (rih-LAY) to pass along.
resume - (ree-ZOOM) to restart; (REH-zoom-ay) document of professional experience.
sow - (rhymes with ‘cow’) a pig; (rhymes with ‘tow’) to plant seed
tear - (TARE) to rip; (TEER) a drop of the clear liquid emitted by the eye.
wind - (rhymes with ‘find’) to coil up; (WINNED) moving air.
கூட்டங்கள் ஆங்கிலத்தில் நடத்தப்படும்போது, வரவேற்புரை (Welcome Address), நன்றியுரை (Vote of Thanks), ஆகியவற்றை ஆங்கிலத்தில் சொல்வதற்கான மாதிரி இங்கே தரப்பட்டுள்ளது.
This pleasant morning/ afternoon/ evening I find it my pleasure to welcome all of you to this wonderful Seminar/ conference/function/event on _______________.
This Seminar/conference/function/event is being organized in keeping with the idea/faith/tradition/custom/belief for the accomplishment/ betterment/ achievement/ thanks giving/ celebration/ association of the set goal/objective.
It is indeed a great privilege/honor/for me to invite/welcome the chief guest Mr./ Mrs. ____________, who had contributed/achieved/dedicated/deliberated a great deal for the upliftment/betterment/ development/ yeoman service of / to the student/teaching/professional/vocational community. At this marvelous juncture we feel proud to have you here with us. We welcome you Sir/Madam.
I am extremely pleased/enchanted/joyful to invite here the guest of honor Mr. /Mrs. ____________, who had kindly consented to preside over this function. It has been a pleasure to have you here. We welcome you Sir/Madam.
I would like to welcome our friend/ professor/ Director/ vice president Mr. /Mrs. ___________________ to deliver the felicitation address.
I am overwhelmed to welcome this unique audience/gathering/congregation who had always fascinated/stood by/principled us by their values/alacrity/discipline/code of conduct.
I am pleased to welcome the press and media personals for their coverage of this remarkable event.
I welcome one and all. Thank You.
I, on behalf of ____________________
and on my own behalf have been privileged to extend a very hearty vote
of thanks to our most valued invited guests for sharing their precious
time with us today!
Firstly, I express my sincere gratitude to Mr. / Mrs. _____________________, for his/her kind acceptance to grace the occasion as the Chief Guest. I must mention our deep sense of appreciation for her / his extemporaneous/encouraging/motivational speech.
I am also extremely grateful to our Guest of Honor Mr. / Mrs. _____________________, who, in spite of his/her heavy schedule, has been kind enough to accept our invitation for delivering the presidential address.
Further, we are thankful to Mr. / Mrs. _____________________, for readily accepting our invitation to grace this occasion and for delivering such an inspirational felicitation address.
My thanks are also due to Mr. / Mrs. _____________________, for all the support they have extended in making this event a successful one. Mr. / Mrs. _____________________ deserves a big hand of applause for the quantum of meticulous planning and overall supervision.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the invitees who have come to be a part of this auspicious occasion.
I would like to express our sincere thanks to the press and media personals for facilitating an excellent coverage to this memorable occasion.
Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to place on record our heartfelt thanks to everyone who have contributed to the success of this marvelous event.
Thank you one and all.
(கட்டுரையாளர் அரசு கல்லூரி ஒன்றில் உதவிப் பேராசிரியராக உள்ளார்)
அலைபேசிகளிலும் இணையத்திலும் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் சுருக்கச் செய்திகள் (Messaging it short) , மனிதர்களின் இயல்புகள் (Who you are?), ஆங்கிலம் குறித்த சுவையான தகவல்கள் (Interesting facts in English), ஒற்றுமையில் வேற்றுமை (Similar yet different) விலங்குகளின் ஒலிகள் (Sound of animals) , பேச்சு மொழி ஆங்கிலத்தின் உயர் வடிவம் (Speking English of hign order), ஒலி அழுத்தம் உணர்ந்து பேசுதல்(Speaking intelligible English) வரவேற்புரை மற்றும் நன்றியுரை ஆகியவற்றின் மாதிரி வடிவங்கள் (Formets for welcome address and vote of thanks) ஆகியவை இப்பகுதியில் தரப்பட்டுள்ளன.
Mess(ag)ing it Short
In this fast world where men keep on running towards God-knows-what, it is kind of alluring to learn some email short forms in order to mail or text someone while on the run. Here is the list of common abbreviations.
1 - Used to replace ‘one’
2 - Used to replace ‘to or too’
4 - Used to replace ‘for’ and
‘fore’ in other words
8- used to replace ‘-ate’ or ‘-eat’
ASAP – ‘As soon as possible’
B – ‘be’
Bcc -“Blind carbon copy’, used in email for saying that a copy of the email is being sent to the person mentioned, out the person you are sending the email to is not being told this
BTW – ‘By the way’: used in emails for adding additional information
Cc - ‘Carbon copy’, a reference to old-fashioned carbon paper used to make copies of a letter while writing them on a typewriter. Used in email for saying that a copy is being sent to the person mentioned
CU – See you
CUL – See you later
FWIW – ‘For what it’s worth’: used in emails for saying that someone may or may not be interested in what you have to say
FYI – ‘For your information’: used in emails as a way of introducing a useful piece of information
GR8 – ‘great’
HMU – ‘Hit Me Up’: used in email to say “contact me”, “text me”, “phone me” or otherwise “reach me to follow up on this”. It is a modern shorthand way to invite a person to communicate with you further.
HAND – Have a nice day
HTH –‘Hope that helps’ : used in email when you have told someone something or done something for them.
IDK – I don’t know
IMHO –‘In my humble opinion’: used, often humorously, in emails for giving your opinion
K- OK
L8R-later
LOL – ‘laughing out loud’: used in emails for showing that you think something is funny
LOL –lots of love
MYOB – Mind your own
business
OTOH – On the other hands
OMG – Oh my God
Pls – Please
Prolly – probably
R – Asre
ROFL- Roll(ing) on the floor laughing’: used in emails to say that you find something very funny
SRY- Sorry
SWALK - Sealed with a loving kiss’: used at the end of an email containing a romantic message.
THNQ – Thank you
thx – Thanks
WRT – With regard to: used in emails before the subject that you are going to mention.
Who you are?
If you have the habit of practicing self denial then you are an Ascetic. You are a person with incredible self-discipline and have got the ability to deprive yourself. Sometimes to save money you never go out, eat anything but soup and never try to have fun.
If you think public officials are nothing but a bunch of greedy buffoons, you have a Cynical attitude about politics. You used to have a bleak outlook about others, always imagining that people are ruled by their worst instincts. You never believe that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons. But believe do things only for their own advantage.
If you are someone who tends to lie and to trick other people then the word Devious suites to you better. You will become rich by deceiving people by your cunning and dishonest means.
If you are a person of arrogant attitudes based on unproved theories and assert that the moon is made of green cheese, you’ll just get laughed at, and then you can consider yourself Dogmatic. You always claim stubbornly that something (often a system of beliefs) is beyond dispute.
If you show great learning interest then you must be called Erudite. You could bring someone out of a raw state, you educate them, so someone who is erudite is very educated indeed (and perhaps a bit of a showoff).
If you are a friendly person who enjoys talking to and being with other people then you are the one none other than Extrovert. You often love parties, talking on the phone and meeting new people.
The joke is always on you if you are Gullible person because you are easily fooled by others. You are always willing to believe anything or anyone and easily get deceived. You must have been the prey always for the old tricks.
If you try to wrap up things in yourself you can be called as Introvert. You are extremely shy and would rather examine your feelings in your diary than have a conversation. You are a person who is turned inward mentally and show less than average interest in the outside world.
If you hate or mistrust people you are the perfect example for Misanthrope. You always make a statement or do something that is particularly hostile or untrusting. You are cynical, embittered and suspicious, you hate everyone.
If you’re someone who believes women belong in the kitchen and shouldn’t be accorded the same respect as men, you might be a Misogynist. Basically you are a person who hates or doesn’t trust women.
If you are a person of realistic approach and real-world application of ideas than with abstract notions then you can consider yourself Pragmatic. You will be down to earth and act based on experience rather than theory. You always deal with things as they are rather than as they might be or should be.
If you show less emotion on the outside but may be jumping up and down in the inside then you can consider yourself Phlegmatic. You are always little dull in expressing feelings or showing emotion.
If you are person of a kind who gives money or gifts to charities, or helps needy people in other ways then you are being called as Philanthropist. You will be actively doing things to help, usually by giving time or money.
If you are greedy, especially for money you can be considered as Rapacious. If you are a landlord you will always look out for more rent and you will only be satisfied at the all-you-can-eat buffet.
If you fight and then make up with your partner often shows that you two have a Volatile relationship. You will lose your temper suddenly and violently. You will quickly change from one mood or interest to another.
Interesting Facts in English
1. The word ‘alphabet’ comes from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet: alpha, bēta.
2. The longest word with all the letters in alphabetical order is ‘almost’.
3. The word ‘uncopyrightable’ is the longest English word in normal use that contains no letter more than once.
4. A sentence that contains all 26 letters of the alphabet is called a ‘pangram’. The following sentence contains all 26 letters of the alphabet: “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.” This sentence is often used to test typewriters or keyboards.
5. A word formed by joining together parts of existing words is called a ‘blend’. Many new words enter the English language in this way. Examples are ‘brunch’ (breakfast + lunch); ‘motel’ (motorcar + hotel); and ‘guesstimate’ (guess + estimate).
6. The word ‘Bookkeeper’ and ‘bookkeeping’ are the only 2 words in the English language with three consecutive double letters.
7. ‘Deeded’ is the only word that is made using only two different letters, each used three times.
8. The longest word in the English language, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is ‘sspneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis’
9. The word ‘Checkmate’ in chess comes from the Persian phrase “Shah Mat” meaning “the king is helpless”.
10. The longest English word without a true vowel (a, e, i, o or u) is ‘rhythm’.
11. The shortest word containing all five main vowels is ‘eunoia’, meaning ‘beautiful thinking’ or a state of normal mental health.
12. ‘Queueing’ is the only word with five consecutive vowels.
13. There are only 4 English words in common use ending in ‘-dous’: hazardous, horrendous, stupendous, and tremendous.
14. The only two words that end ‘-gry’ are ‘hungry’ and ‘angry’.
15. Dreamt is the only English word that ends with ‘mt’.
16. All male terms are shorter than the female terms except for ‘widower’ (widow).
17. The only word which begins and ends with ‘und’is ‘Under ground’.
18. The oldest word in English that is currently in use is ‘town’.
19. ‘Four’ is the only word which has number of alphabets equal to its numerical value.
20. ‘One thousand” has the alphabet ‘A’. However, none of the numbers from one to nine hundred ninety-nine has an ‘a’.
21. The dot above ‘i’ and ‘j’ is known as a Tittle or a superscript dot
22. We can find 10 words in the 7-letter word ‘therein’ without rearranging any of its letters: the, there, he, in, rein, her, here, ere, therein, herein.
23. Palindromes are words that spell the same even after reversing the word. Examples: ‘Malayalam’ and ‘Madam.’
24. The word ‘swims’ when turned upside down will still look like same i.e.’swims’.
25. The sentence ‘Are you as bored as I am ‘ can be read backwards and would still make sense!
26. The “QWERTY keyboard” gains its name from the fact that its first 6 letter keys are Q, W, E, R, T and Y. On early typewriters the keys were arranged in such a way as to minimize the clashing of the mechanical rods that carried the letters.
27. The kangaroo carries its young in a pouch unlike other animals. Likewise, a kangaroo word carries its young in itself. Kangaroo word is a playful term for a word that carries within it a synonym of itself-such as regulate (rule), indolent (idle), and encourage (urge).
28. Pyramid words are words 4 letters long that extend to words of 7 or 8 letters long. For example the word SWATHERS: SWATHER is correct, SWATHE is correct, SWATH is correct and SWAT is correct.
29. Test your friends, by asking them to say ‘the sixth sick sheik’s sixth sheep’s sick’. It is known to be the toughest tongue –twister in English language.
30. The word which has more number of meanings in English dictionary is ‘set’.
Similar yet different
There are certain look-alike and sound-alike words in English that are being often interchanged. The differences in the meaning posed by those words are often overlooked inadvertently. Here is an attempt to decipher some of the commonly mistaken words.
Compliment and Complement
Compliment is a ‘remark of praise.’ Complement is ‘something that completes.’ Note that free refreshments are complimentary; the word refers to the phrase ‘with our compliments.’
Deserts and Desserts
Most English speakers understand that deserts, with the accent on the first syllable, are a dry, arid lands, while desserts, with the accent on the second syllable, are a sweet things to eat after a meal. What is often confused is that when one gets what one is deserves, good or bad, one is getting one’s ‘just deserts’ accent on the second syllable but spelled like the dry, arid lands.
Discrete and Discreet
Discrete means ‘discontinuous’ or ‘individually distinct.’ Discreet means ‘judicious.’ The words are understandably often confused, but they should remain distinct.
Incredulous and Incredible
Incredulous means ‘unbelieving’ or ‘skeptical.’ Incredible means ‘unbelievable’ or ‘hard to believe.’ If something incredible happens, you may be incredulous.
Insulate and Insolate
Insulate means ‘to cause to be in a detached or isolated position’ or ‘to prevent passage of heat, electricity, or sound into or out of.’ Insolate means ‘to expose to the sun’s rays.’
Lightening and Lightning
Lightening refers to something illuminating or brightening. Lightning is what is accompanied by thunder during storms.
Loath and Loathe
Loath is an adjective, meaning ‘disinclined’ or ‘reluctant.’ Loathe is a verb, meaning ‘feel hatred or disgust for.’ Confusion often arises about not only what they mean but how they are pronounced. Loath has a soft th sound, while loathe has a hard th sound.
Mucous and Mucus
Mucous is an adjective, as in, ‘a mucous gland.’ Mucus is a noun, as in, ‘There is mucus emanating from my mucous glands.’
Stationary and Stationery
Stationary is an adjective that means ‘not moving.’ Stationery is a noun that means ‘writing paper and envelopes.’
Turbid and Turgid
Turbid means ‘unclear, obscure, confused, disordered’ and, when referring to liquids, “muddy, thick, unclear.’ Turgid means ‘enlarged, swollen’ and, when referring to language, ‘pompous, overblown grandiloquent.’ Because the two words are relatively uncommon, one is often confused for the other. Turbid comes from the Latin word turbidus, meaning disordered,’ from turba, which means turmoil, possibly from the Greek word turbe. Turgid comes from the Latin word turgidus, from turgere, which means, ‘to be swollen.’
Sounds of Animals
While humans are the only species that speak, laugh and cry, the rest of the species of the animal kingdom make an umpteen range of sounds that humans find it difficult to comprehend. Here are some words to describe common animal sounds.
Bats – screech
Bears – growl
Bees – hum and buzz
Birds – chirrup, chirp, twitter, sing and whistle
Calves – bleat
Camels – grunt
Cats – mew
Cattle - bellow
Chicks - cheep
Chickens – cluck
Cocks – crow
Cows – moo
Crickets – creak
Crows – caw
Deer – bell
Dogs – bark
Dolphins – click
Donkeys – bray
Doves – coo
Ducks – quack
Eagles – scream
Elephants – rumpet
Falcons - chants
Flies – hum
Foxes – yelp
Frogs – croak
Giraffes – bleat
Goats - bleat
Geese – cackle, quack
Grasshoppers – chirp
Hamsters – squeak
Hens – cluck
Hogs – grunt
Horses – neigh
Hyenas – laugh
Jackals - howl
Kangaroos – chortle
Koalas – wail
Lambs – bleat
Larks – sing or warble
Monkeys – gibber
Mosquitoes – whine
Nightingales – pipe, sing, warble
Ostriches – bark
Owls – hoot
Parrots – talk
Pigs – grunt, snort, oink, squeal
Rabbits – drum, squeak
Peacock – scream
Rhinoceros – bellow
Seals – bark
Snakes – hiss
Tigers – roar
Vultures – scream
Whales – sing
Wolves – howl, yell
Zebras – whinny
Speaking English of High Order
Speaking English fluently and in an appropriate manner can be a challenging task for non - native English speakers. However with persistent learning and observation, effortless speaking of this language can be made one’s own cup of tea. Here are some useful tips for achieving effective English speaking.
1. Listen! Listen! Listen!
Students sometimes say: ‘I don’t listen to English news on television because it’s too fast for me and I can’t understand it.’ That’s a pity! When it’s too fast for you, when you can’t understand it, that is exactly when you NEED to listen to it!!!
How can you improve if you don’t listen and practise?
When you were a baby, did you understand your own language? When you were 3 weeks old, or 2 months, or 1 year, did you understand everything? Of course not! But you ‘learned’ to understand by ‘listening’. Think about it. You learned to understand your own language by
listening, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. After that, you learned to speak. Then you learned to read. And then you learned to write. ‘But listening came first!’
2. Don’t Listen!
In the last secret I said LISTEN! LISTEN! LISTEN! Now I say DON’T LISTEN! What do I mean?
Do you know the difference between the verbs TO LISTEN and TO HEAR? TO LISTEN is active. TO HEAR is passive. Sometimes you can LISTEN too hard. Sometimes you can TRY too hard. Sometimes it is better only to HEAR. Let the television play. Let the cassette play. But DON’T listen. Just HEAR. Your subconscious will listen for you. And you will still learn. If you listen and try to understand, you may block on one word and get frustrated. Don’t worry! Just HEAR! Believe me, you will still be learning. The important thing is to let the radio or cassette or television or record PLAY. Let it play. And you - you do nothing. Your brain will HEAR, your subconscious will LISTEN and you will LEARN!
3. Improve Your Vocabulary With 5 Words A Day
Vocabulary is easy! How many days in a year are there?
365, normally (on Earth).
If you learn only 5 new words a day, you will learn 5 x 365 = 1,825 new words in a year. one thousand, eight hundred and twenty-five words. That is a lot of new words. And we are not counting all the other words you will learn in other ways - reading, conversation etc. Buy a notebook and write in 5 new words EACH day, EVERY day. Learn them! You will soon have an excellent vocabulary.
4. Thirty Minutes A Day Better Than 3.5 Hours a Week
In fact, 30 minutes of English study once a day is better than 5 ‘hours’ once a week! Study regularly. Study often. LITTLE + OFTEN is better than LOT + SOMETIMES.
It’s easier, too. You can easily find 30 minutes each day. How? You can get up 30 minutes earlier. Or have a shorter lunch break. Fix a particular time every day - and keep it!
5. Revise! Revise! Revise!
If you revise, you’ll improve your learning by 100%. What does “to revise” mean? It means “to read again”. You should be systematic about this. When you learn something, you should note it. Then you should ‘look at it again’, 3 times:
- after 1 day
- after 1 week
- after 1 month
Each time you revise, test yourself.
Speaking intelligible English
Word Stress is by far the most important but least understood concept for speaking and understanding English. Word Stress is indeed too important. You can try to learn about Word Stress. This is one of the most effective ways for you to understand spoken English especially when it is being spoken rather fast.
What is Word Stress?
Take 3 words: photograph, photographer and photographic, for example. Do they sound the same when spoken? No! They sound different, because *one* syllable in each word is “stressed” (stronger than the others).
PHOtograph
phoTOgrapher
photoGRAPHic
The syllables that are not stressed are ‘weak’ or ‘small’ or ‘quiet’. Native speakers of English listen
for the stressed syllables, not the weak syllables. If you use Word Stress in your speech, you will instantly and automatically improve your pronunciation and your comprehension.
Here is a list of some of the common words that differ in meaning when you apply the concept of “Word stress”. Despite being spelled in a similar fashion, they carry different meanings based on the stress on their syllables.
affect - (ah-FECT) to change; (AF-fect) feeling or emotion
alternate - (ALT-er-nit) another choice; (ALT-er-NAIT) switch back and forth.
attribute - (at-TRIB-ute) to ascribe; (AT-trib-ute) characteristic
bow - (rhymes with ‘how’) to incline the head in greeting; also, front of a ship; (rhymes with ‘tow’) weapon that shoots arrows
buffet - (BUF-fet) to hit; (buf-FAY, boof-FAY) a meal at which guests serve themselves from dishes on display.
conduct - (CON-duct) behavior; (con-DUCT) to direct or manage
content - (CON-tent) substantive part; (con-TENT) satisfied.
contest - (CON-test) competition; (con-TEST) to dispute
contract - (CON-tract) agreement; (con-TRACT) to shrink or to agree on a project
converse - (CON-verse) opposite; (con-VERSE) to talk
desert - (DES-ert) arid region; (de-SERT) to leave; also’ something deserved
digest - (DIE-jest) collection of published material; (die-JEST) absorb nutrients
entrance - (EN-trance) entry way; (en-TRANCE) to captivate
incense - (IN-cense) substance that produces a pleasant aroma when burned; (in-CENSE) to anger
invalid - (IN-val-id) someone who is sick or disabled; (in-VAL-id) not valid
lead - (LEED) to guide; (LED) a metallic element
minute - (MIN-it) sixty seconds; (my-NOOT) tiny
moderate - (MOD-er-it) not excessive or extreme; (mod-er-ATE) to preside over .
object - (OB-ject) thing; (ob-JECT) to protest
permit - (PER-mit) document giving permission; (per-MIT) to allow
present - (PREZ-ent) gift; (pre-ZENT) to introduce
primer - (PRIHM-er) elementary book; (PRY-mer) undercoat of paint
recreation - (REC-ree-A-shun) entertaining or relaxing pastime; (REE-cree-A-shun) something that is remade, recreated
relay - (REE-lay) a race in which members of a team take turns racing; (ree-LAY) to lay again; (rih-LAY) to pass along.
resume - (ree-ZOOM) to restart; (REH-zoom-ay) document of professional experience.
sow - (rhymes with ‘cow’) a pig; (rhymes with ‘tow’) to plant seed
tear - (TARE) to rip; (TEER) a drop of the clear liquid emitted by the eye.
wind - (rhymes with ‘find’) to coil up; (WINNED) moving air.
கூட்டங்கள் ஆங்கிலத்தில் நடத்தப்படும்போது, வரவேற்புரை (Welcome Address), நன்றியுரை (Vote of Thanks), ஆகியவற்றை ஆங்கிலத்தில் சொல்வதற்கான மாதிரி இங்கே தரப்பட்டுள்ளது.
Welcome Address
Good morning /afternoon/ evening ladies and gentlemen! This pleasant morning/ afternoon/ evening I find it my pleasure to welcome all of you to this wonderful Seminar/ conference/function/event on _______________.
This Seminar/conference/function/event is being organized in keeping with the idea/faith/tradition/custom/belief for the accomplishment/ betterment/ achievement/ thanks giving/ celebration/ association of the set goal/objective.
It is indeed a great privilege/honor/for me to invite/welcome the chief guest Mr./ Mrs. ____________, who had contributed/achieved/dedicated/deliberated a great deal for the upliftment/betterment/ development/ yeoman service of / to the student/teaching/professional/vocational community. At this marvelous juncture we feel proud to have you here with us. We welcome you Sir/Madam.
I am extremely pleased/enchanted/joyful to invite here the guest of honor Mr. /Mrs. ____________, who had kindly consented to preside over this function. It has been a pleasure to have you here. We welcome you Sir/Madam.
I would like to welcome our friend/ professor/ Director/ vice president Mr. /Mrs. ___________________ to deliver the felicitation address.
I am overwhelmed to welcome this unique audience/gathering/congregation who had always fascinated/stood by/principled us by their values/alacrity/discipline/code of conduct.
I am pleased to welcome the press and media personals for their coverage of this remarkable event.
I welcome one and all. Thank You.
Vote of Thanks
Firstly, I express my sincere gratitude to Mr. / Mrs. _____________________, for his/her kind acceptance to grace the occasion as the Chief Guest. I must mention our deep sense of appreciation for her / his extemporaneous/encouraging/motivational speech.
I am also extremely grateful to our Guest of Honor Mr. / Mrs. _____________________, who, in spite of his/her heavy schedule, has been kind enough to accept our invitation for delivering the presidential address.
Further, we are thankful to Mr. / Mrs. _____________________, for readily accepting our invitation to grace this occasion and for delivering such an inspirational felicitation address.
My thanks are also due to Mr. / Mrs. _____________________, for all the support they have extended in making this event a successful one. Mr. / Mrs. _____________________ deserves a big hand of applause for the quantum of meticulous planning and overall supervision.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the invitees who have come to be a part of this auspicious occasion.
I would like to express our sincere thanks to the press and media personals for facilitating an excellent coverage to this memorable occasion.
Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to place on record our heartfelt thanks to everyone who have contributed to the success of this marvelous event.
Thank you one and all.
(கட்டுரையாளர் அரசு கல்லூரி ஒன்றில் உதவிப் பேராசிரியராக உள்ளார்)
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